Advertisement in Kazakhstan - 4800 Words

Status and prospects of development of advertisement in the Republic of Kazakhstan 1.2 Specificity and structure of the advertising market in Kazakhstan Advertising is an important part of marketing communications and serves as a tool to create an external competitive advantage. It is impossible to imagine the work of the modern enterprise without advertising. The company must declare its existence on the market about its product and attract potential customers and create an image of a reliable partner. And if the companies did not have to think much about selling products, government was engaged in that, now in the marketplace every company is at its own risk and have to decide what it will produce and how to sell, which would also†¦show more content†¦Advertise - to attract attention to goods, services of a particular manufacturer, trader, broker and distributor at their expense and under their brand offers, appeals, advice, and recommendations to purchase the goods or services. Consequently, the subject of advertising - that is what is touted as a means of disseminating advertisements - information channel on which the advertising message reaches consumers. The system of marketing communications is a single complex, which includes members of advertising channels and methods of communication, aimed at establishing and maintaining planned by the organization of relationships with recipients in achieving their marketing goals. Advertising is only part of the promotion of goods, in which a firm can carry out contacts with the customer through the sales force (direct sales), publicity or public relations, and use different techniques to stimulate sales. But there is a direct marketing, which includes direct mail, telemarketing, advertising, direct response on TV, radio and other media. This type of marketing communication is used when the advertising message is aimed at causing a retaliatory action. 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Narcissism Essay Thesis Example For Students

Narcissism Essay Thesis In the analysis of an individual there are three primary methods employed in order to successfully assess and repair his condition- biological, cognitive, and psychoanalytic theory. In the case of narcissism, only the psychoanalytic approach will suffice to structurally repair rather than suppress manifest symptoms of the unfulfilled self. Narcissists must learn to address the needs of their childhood that have not have been satisfied and acknowledge them as the root of their grandiose actions, a facade for their inner sense of shame and insecurity (Kohut, 1978, p. 423). In the case of Mr. Z, he underwent two analyses with a five-year grace period in between, the first analysis unsuccessful in structurally curing his masochistic propensities as they merely shifted to another facet of his life (Kohut, 1979, p.10). This lack of structural change went unnoticed during the first analysis, and was only revealed through examination of the patients root of disturbance during the second anal ysis. The agent that assisted the discovery was the change in approach by the analyst within the realm of psychoanalysis, that is the shift from a focus in analysis based upon classical-dynamic structural terms to that of the psychology of the self in the narrow sense. (Kohut, 1979, p. 26). Through observation of symptoms and examination of life occurrences, it is clear that Mr. Z exhibits the characteristics of narcissism. He has a mother that relied upon him as her self-object throughout his childhood and into his early adult years. This provided conflict in that Mr. Z needed his mother as his own self-object, and due to her selfish role-reversal, he did not receive the mirroring necessary to develop a healthy, strong self-structure. Self-objects mirror an individual, confirming ones inner sense of greatness and perfection, provide a figure for idealization, and relate a twinship for one to identify interests and talents with, also known as an alterego (Kohut, 1978, p. 414). Mr. Zs mother played all of these roles in his life because his father left when Mr. Z was young. One found him absent of a man with whom he could idealize and identify; hence he was incapable of asserting his masculinity. Mr. Zs mother was of a pathological state and intermeshed her disturbance w ithin the relationship with her son (Kohut, 1979, p. 13). Faulty interaction between the child and his self-objects result in a damaged self. (Kohut, 1978, p. 414) This abused child developed a perspective that conformed to that of his unstable self-object, rather than creating an independent center of initiative. This led to number of narcissistic preoccupations including a focus upon his productions, masochistic fantasies, defensiveness and denial, and an arrogance of demandingness (Kohut, 1979, p. 14). The ultimate comprehension of the disturbances of Mr. Z can be attributed to the analysts realization of the true foundations of the patients symptoms. Once this realization occurred, his perspective changed in that he was able to perceive the significance of unmet essential needs as the reason for disturbances. In addition, he acknowledged that Mr. Zs self-structure could only be repaired through time and by a more patient and understanding demeanor on behalf of the analyst (Kohut, 1979, p.12). In the first analysis, the analyst merely tolerated Mr. Zs defensive behavior and progressively sought to oppose it, however in the second he perceived it as a transference of childhood feelings that resurfaced in therapy (Kohut, 1979, p. 12). Mr. Z had unintentionally witnessed sex between his parents at an early age and associated it with aggressiveness as his memories sequenced it following verbal battles between them. Defenses accompanying this obviously disturbing encounter include acts of grandiosity and overconfidence due to a supposed illusionistic oedipal victory (Kohut, 1979, p 26). Mr. Z was convinced that he had won because the father left; his success had achieved the power of sole possessor of his mother. However, the removal of his father soon led to Mr. Zs mother engaging in extramarital affairs. Due to the nature of the boys position as her sole male possessor, these other men introduced a threat to his security; therefore, the therapist saw the patients defensiveness as a mechanism that shielded him against these rivals. Where the analyst went too far, discovered in the second analysis, was his assertion that the mechanism was being used against sexual rivals again in the oedipal sense, and additionally against fear of castration brought upon by awareness of his own competitive feelings towards the rivals, including his father (Kohut, 1979, p. 6). The castration anxiety, however, was no longer an oedipal victory but a defeat, for Mr. Z did not remain h is mothers sole possessor; hence his anxiety was accompanied by depression. WW IJuly28,1914, declarationofwar Austria-Hungary EssayTransference naturally followed in the patients effort to recover self-objects. Unfortunately, they went unnoticed during the first analysis due to the classical methods employed by the analyst. He saw material in terms of infantile drives and conflicts about them rather than the absence of self-objects, primarily a father figure. Idealization followed by twinship attempts arose as a result of a boy absent of an alterego self-object-namely his father. Once he began to solve the mystery of this man, through interaction with him and observation of him, he was able to see a strong individual. His father was independent and capable of existence without the mother (Kohut, 1979, p. 21). This realization ultimately enabled Mr. Z to begin to stand on his own and develop a strong sense of self. Psychologists tend to focus on one area of psychological diagnosis, such as psychoanalysis, and throughout the development of the patient-analys t relationship, one becomes able to find the root of existing problems. Whether a child or adult is in a state of security, anxiety, or distress is determined in large part by the accessibility and responsiveness of his principal attachment figure. (Bowlby, 1973, p. 43) Initially the analyst possessed an insensitive notion that the patient merely needed to grow-up and relinquish his narcissistic demands being that he possessed an independent center of initiative (Kohut, 1979, p. 12). Once it was acknowledged that Mr. Z was without this important facet of self-structure, the analyst was able to work through issues in order to abet the repair of Mr. Zs narcissistic self. The employment of the psychology of the self in the second analysis led to a focus upon the importance of the self and to relations with others in the environment (Luti, personal communication). All in all, this allowed Mr. Z to discover the reason for his disturbance and learn to lead a happy and healthy life. BibliographyBibliographyBowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss: Separation. Vol. 2, reprinted, London: Pimlico, 1998. p. 43Kohut, H. (1978). The Disorders of the Self and Their Treatment. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, vol. 59, p. 413-425 Kohut, H. (1979). The Two Analyses of Mr. Z. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, vol. 60, p. 3-27McWilliams, Nancy. (1994). Psychoanalytic Diagnosis. New York, Guilford Press, p. 174Psychology Essays

Thomas Jefferson, Third President Of The United States, Was One Of The

Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States, was one of the most brilliant men in history. His interests were boundless, and his accomplishments were great and varied. He was a philosopher, educator, naturalist, politician, scientist, architect, inventor, pioneer in scientific farming, musician, and writer, and was the foremost spokesmen for democracy in his day. He was born at Shadwell in Goochland County, Virginia on April 13, 1743, to Jane Randolph and Peter Jefferson. Jefferson Graduated from the college of William and Mary in 1760 (Adams, Page #26). His interest in science was fostered by Dr. William Small, teacher of mathematics and philosophy, who introduced him to Gov. Francis Fauquier and to George Wythe, then the most noted teacher of law in Virginia. To ?habitual conversation? with these friends Jefferson said he ?owed much instruction? (Dos Passos, Page #102). In 1767 Jefferson was admitted to the bar and began practicing law in the capitol (Adams, Page #43). Jefferson was elected justice of the peace and church vestryman in 1768. In May of the next year he was elected to the House of Burgesses, in which he served until the house cease to function in 1775. He was appointed county lieutenant of Albemarle in 1770 and the same year completed the building of his new home, Monticello. Two years later he married, January 1, 1772, Martha Skelton, a widow who was both attractive and accomplished, the daughter of John Wayles, a well known lawyer, and just before the College of William and Mary appointed him surveyor of the county in 1773 (Adams, Page #46-47). Jefferson's most remarkable contribution in legislative work before the Revolution came through work on committees and though such writings as his paper to the Virginia Convention, A Summary View of the Rights of British America. In defining the grievances with Great Britain, Jefferson denied that Parliament had any authority over the colonies, and he attacked the restrictive acts passed by Parliament as a deliberate plan to destroy colonial freedom. Jefferson also accused the king of rejecting the best laws passed by colonial legislatures, of preventing the outlaw of slavery, of permitting his governors to break up colonial assemblies, and of sending armed forces without right to do so(Dos Passos, Page #169). On June 21, 1775 he was given a seat in the Continental Congress, appointed to the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence, and he was chosen by the committee to write the declaration because of his ?peculiar felicity of style.? The Declaration of Independence was formally adopted on July 4, 1776 (Conlin Page #141-144). In 1776 Jefferson was elected to the Virginia legislature, giving up his seat in the Continental Congress and declining an offer to serve with Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane as commissioners to France, mostly because of personal reasons having to do with his family, but also, because he felt he could best serve the revolutionary cause by furthering the reformation of Virginia ( Adams, Page #98-99). He then served three years in the house of delegates. While there he began the revision of the laws of Virginia. His most noteworthy achievement during this time was his proposal of the Statute for Religious Freedom, which stated in Jefferson's own words, ?that no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place or ministry whatsoever?, and that no one should suffer in any way for their ?religious opinions or beliefs.? The bill was eventually adopted in 1786. Jefferson also had succeeded in the of passing bills to abolish primogeniture and entail. Although never passed, his Bill of Universal Diffusion of Knowledge, set forth a philosophy of providing free public schooling for all citizens (Adams Page #104-110). During this period, Jefferson managed to spend considerable time with his family, but even in leisure he was never idle. He took up building projects at Monticello and continued to develop his land. Jefferson was a philosopher and at the same time an architect and inventor. He invented the dumbwaiter, a swivel chair, a lamp-heater, and an improved plow for which the French gave him a medal. He tinkered with clocks, steam engines, and metronomes. He collected plans of large cities and later helped in the planning of Washington, DC. Jefferson kept an over sea correspondence with Giovanni Fabbroni, an Italian naturalist, in order to compare climate and plant life in Virginia and southern Europe. He added to his valuable collection of books and bought instruments for making astronomical observations. He also

Facts About Eohippus

Facts About Eohippus In paleontology, correctly naming a new genus of extinct animal can often be a long, tortured affair. Eohippus, aka Hyracotherium, is a good case study: this prehistoric horse was first described by the famous 19th-century paleontologist Richard Owen, who mistook it for an ancestor of the hyrax (hence the name he bestowed on it in 1876, Greek for hyrax-like mammal). A few decades later, another eminent paleontologist, Othniel C. Marsh, gave a similar skeleton discovered in North America the more memorable name Eohippus (dawn horse). Since for a long time Hyracotherium and Eohippus were considered to be identical, the rules of paleontology dictated that we call this mammal by its original name, the one bestowed by Owen. Never mind that Eohippus was the name used in countless encyclopedias, childrens books, and TV shows. Now, the weight of opinion is that Hyracotherium and Eohippus were closely related, but not quite identical, the result is that its once again kosher to refer to the American specimen, at least, as Eohippus. Amusingly, the late evolutionary scientist Stephen Jay Gould railed against the depiction of Eohippus in the popular media as a fox-sized mammal, when in fact it was the size of a deer. An Ancestor of Modern Horses Theres a similar amount of confusion about whether Eohippus and/or Hyracotherium actually deserve to be called the first horse. When you go back in the fossil record 50 million years or so, it can be difficult, verging on impossible, to identify the ancestral forms of any given extant species. Today, most paleontologists classify Hyracotherium as a palaeothere, that is, a perissodactyl (odd-toed ungulate) ancestral to both horses and the giant plant-eating mammals known as brontotheres (typified by Brontotherium, the thunder beast). Its close cousin Eohippus, on the other hand, seems to deserve a place more firmly in the equid than the palaeothere family tree, though of course, this is still up for debate! Whatever you choose to call it, Eohippus was clearly at least partly ancestral to all modern-day horses, as well as to the numerous species of prehistoric horse (like Epihippus and Merychippus) that roamed the North American and Eurasian plains of the Tertiary and Quaternary periods. As with many such evolutionary precursors, Eohippus didnt look much like a horse, with its slender, deerlike, 50-pound body and three- and four-toed feet; also, to judge by the shape of its teeth, Eohippus munched on low-lying leaves rather than grass. (In the early Eocene epoch, when Eohippus lived, grasses had yet to spread across the North American plains, which spurred the evolution of grass-eating equids.) Facts About Eohippus Eohippus (Greek for dawn horse), pronounced EE-oh-HIP-us; also known as Hyracotherium (Greek for hyrax-like beast), pronounced HIGH-rack-oh-THEE-ree-um Habitat: Woodlands of North America and Western Europe Historical Epoch: Early-Middle Eocene (55-45 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet high and 50 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; four-toed front and three-toed back feet

Challenges Faced by Immigrants

Challenges faced by immigrants Thousands of families have left home due to the changing environment of all ages. Regardless of whether you are forced to make such a decision or not, all immigrants must bear the physical and psychological challenges encountered in the process. Talking about the experiences of all these different people using the same idea and example would be very inaccurate. However, they all have to experience similar circumstances and deal with similar problems. One of the first challenges faced by immigrants is the cost of immigration. Because many immigrants are looking for a better economic situation in a new country, the cost of emigration can be enormous for them. It is not unusual for immigrants to liquidate their assets (which can cause a lot of losses), and that move can afford. Furthermore, during immigration control, many people do not have a job, so they have to find a job after they settle down. Most of the issues related to immigration are related to t he absorption of life in the recipient country. Many immigrants receive low-wage jobs until they adapt to society, get houses, and receive education. Immigrants must learn a new way of life and be acquainted with the language and laws of the recipient country. Many immigrants leave their country to escape persecution, but host countries may face discrimination and even racial discrimination. As the number of immigrants increases, many countries face the challenge of building citizens' identity and accepting immigrants. In some countries, we are making comprehensive efforts to raise immigrants' sense of belonging to host countries. For example, Canada has the highest permanent residency in the world. The Canadian government encourages immigrants to develop a sense of belonging to Canada and promotes the concept of more comprehensive national identity, including those born in Canada and immigrants. In some countries it is not very comprehensive. For example, Russia experienced two maj or immigrants, the 1990s and 1998 and beyond. Immigrants are deemed negative by Russian citizens and are considered unwelcome and insulting customers. Immigrants are considered outsiders and are excluded from sharing the identity of the citizens of Russia. Challenges Faced by Immigrants Challenges faced by immigrants Thousands of families have left home due to the changing environment of all ages. Regardless of whether you are forced to make such a decision or not, all immigrants must bear the physical and psychological challenges encountered in the process. Talking about the experiences of all these different people using the same idea and example would be very inaccurate. However, they all have to experience similar circumstances and deal with similar problems. One of the first challenges faced by immigrants is the cost of immigration. Because many immigrants are looking for a better economic situation in a new country, the cost of emigration can be enormous for them. It is not unusual for immigrants to liquidate their assets (which can cause a lot of losses), and that move can afford. Furthermore, during immigration control, many people do not have a job, so they have to find a job after they settle down. Most of the issues related to immigration are related to t he absorption of life in the recipient country. Many immigrants receive low-wage jobs until they adapt to society, get houses, and receive education. Immigrants must learn a new way of life and be acquainted with the language and laws of the recipient country. Many immigrants leave their country to escape persecution, but host countries may face discrimination and even racial discrimination. As the number of immigrants increases, many countries face the challenge of building citizens' identity and accepting immigrants. In some countries, we are making comprehensive efforts to raise immigrants' sense of belonging to host countries. For example, Canada has the highest permanent residency in the world. The Canadian government encourages immigrants to develop a sense of belonging to Canada and promotes the concept of more comprehensive national identity, including those born in Canada and immigrants. In some countries it is not very comprehensive. For example, Russia experienced two maj or immigrants, the 1990s and 1998 and beyond. Immigrants are deemed negative by Russian citizens and are considered unwelcome and insulting customers. Immigrants are considered outsiders and are excluded from sharing the identity of the citizens of Russia. Challenges Faced by Immigrants Challenges faced by immigrants Thousands of families have left home due to the changing environment of all ages. Regardless of whether you are forced to make such a decision or not, all immigrants must bear the physical and psychological challenges encountered in the process. Talking about the experiences of all these different people using the same idea and example would be very inaccurate. However, they all have to experience similar circumstances and deal with similar problems. One of the first challenges faced by immigrants is the cost of immigration. Because many immigrants are looking for a better economic situation in a new country, the cost of emigration can be enormous for them. It is not unusual for immigrants to liquidate their assets (which can cause a lot of losses), and that move can afford. Furthermore, during immigration control, many people do not have a job, so they have to find a job after they settle down. Most of the issues related to immigration are related to t he absorption of life in the recipient country. Many immigrants receive low-wage jobs until they adapt to society, get houses, and receive education. Immigrants must learn a new way of life and be acquainted with the language and laws of the recipient country. Many immigrants leave their country to escape persecution, but host countries may face discrimination and even racial discrimination. As the number of immigrants increases, many countries face the challenge of building citizens' identity and accepting immigrants. In some countries, we are making comprehensive efforts to raise immigrants' sense of belonging to host countries. For example, Canada has the highest permanent residency in the world. The Canadian government encourages immigrants to develop a sense of belonging to Canada and promotes the concept of more comprehensive national identity, including those born in Canada and immigrants. In some countries it is not very comprehensive. For example, Russia experienced two maj or immigrants, the 1990s and 1998 and beyond. Immigrants are deemed negative by Russian citizens and are considered unwelcome and insulting customers. Immigrants are considered outsiders and are excluded from sharing the identity of the citizens of Russia.

Strategic Management and International Business at Starbucks Case Study - 46

Strategic Management and International Business at Starbucks - Case Study Example Starbucks should create winning strategies by coming up with a cohesive, energized and happy team, which will create a strong bond with the customers and ensure growth (Enz, 2010; Godin, 2006). It is undoubtedly that corporate success is not a guarantee and the probability of a firm having a long-term success heightens when strategic leaders continue to evaluate the appropriateness of the strategies developed as well as actions that are taken in an effort to implement them. It is obvious that the McDonald’s is a major competitive threat since its coffee drinks are meant to create value to the consumers by giving them high-quality experience at a lower price than that of Starbucks. Therefore, one of the ways in which Starbucks can ensure a competitive advantage is by developing a sound mechanism by which it can combine authority, relative value, and quality. It should have an ideal pricing strategy whereby consumers feel that they are getting a great deal for their money. It also needs to maintain strict and solid quality controls with regard to its coffee sourcing. Starbucks should also spend more time differentiating from its rivals and be up to date with the latest technology to outwit its competitors. It should also continue positioning itself as an authoritative figure, allowing premium prices where necessary. It should aim at improving on its brand and reputation by carrying out a survey on what the customers think of the corporation and ways it can improve (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2010). The decision to fire Donald was appropriate considering that Starbucks was performing poorly against the Nasdaq index for the quarterly financials that preceded his ouster. During his reign, the coffee stock plummeted by 50%; hence, needed a leader who can drive changes such as encouraging international expansion and streamlining the management of the firm.  

Design and Build of Movable Chair For Handicapped Hunters Assignment - 2

Design and Build of Movable Chair For Handicapped Hunters - Assignment Example Odland and Schafer modeled the joystick control which moves the gun or bows up and down or side to side after the joystick found on modern wheelchairs. There is a tiny camera mounted behind the scope of the gun which projects the image of crosshairs and the target onto a video monitor the hunters can easily view from their wheelchairs† (Yankovich, 2010, par. 6). The author is actually an entrepreneur who owns a jewelry shop in Lowell, Michigan. He had first-hand access to the information knowing Pete Odland personally from their common demographic location. The article provided relevant information as a unique and useful design to assist handicapped hunters in regaining mobility to enjoy what they love most. The innovative design was able to help hunters regain â€Å"the freedom for physically challenged people to â€Å"do it themselves†. The very design puts control back into the hands of those who feel they have lost any vestige of control over their lives† (Yankovich, 2010, par. 14). The article provided information on the quad chair designed by Steve Peeples initially for Aaron McMikelk, a handicapped hunter who lost the use of his legs due to viral infection. As indicated by the author, â€Å"Peeples purchased a used wheelchair, removed all the parts, such as brakes and wheels, and mounted the apparatus on the front of his quad runner. His hope was that his "Quad Chair" would open a whole new opportunity for people with limitations† (Ottesen, 2009, par. 13). The innovative way to mount a disabled chair to a vehicle enabled ex-Marine McMikelk to enjoy hunting despite immobility. The author is an outdoor columnist who is on the lookout for stories that would inspire readers to enjoy outdoor activities. As indicated, â€Å"with less than $200 needed to outfit his quad, Peeples hopes his idea will catch on around the country with veterans and handicapped shooters,  and those fewer mobiles† (Ottesen, 2009, par. 17).