Friday, November 29, 2019
How to Write a Persuasive Essay Step by Step
How to Write Argumentative Essay: Steps The main purpose of writing a persuasive essay is, like the name suggests it, to convince the audience of a certain point. This type of academic writing task is also known as argumentative essay ââ¬â it is expected that you use sufficient arguments to defend your position. But what is persuasive essay writing exactly? How to nail it by making your reader take your side of the argument? How to write a persuasive essay and how to end it? What are the secrets of making your opponent believe you and winning the argument? Read on to discover some useful tips, hints, and tactics. Let us start with some steps you should follow when writing an argumentative essay. How to Write Argumentative Essay: Steps Step 1: Preparation Choose a topic. It should be contradictory enough, with more than one point of view possible. Moreover, the author is supposed to select the topic that is dear to their heart to enjoy the process of writing later. Ensure that your topic is something specific. For example, the topics ââ¬Å"Does Facebook Cause Isolation and How?â⬠or ââ¬Å"Are Security Cameras Invading Our Privacy?â⬠are a great choice for those who are searching for something thatââ¬â¢s not super broad. Remember, in case your stance on the issue can be easily boiled down to a simple ââ¬Å"no/yesâ⬠, then, you wonââ¬â¢t have too much talk on the topic. So, itââ¬â¢s better to choose a specific statement to disclose. Choose the side you are on. à Now, your task is to choose your perspective and convince the reader of its legitimacy and logical supremacy as compared to other points of view. For instance, if your topic sounds like ââ¬Å"Should Citizens Be Provided with the Right to Keep Exotic Pets?â⬠you have to decide whether itââ¬â¢s their right to keep such animals at home or such pets create a serious danger to other individuals (let alone, keeping such pets is harmful to the animals!). Make certain that you can defend your position. In case you find it hard to consider any solid defenses against the opponentââ¬â¢s counter arguments, maybe itââ¬â¢s the right moment to re-think the topic youââ¬â¢ve picked. Pick an argument to appeal to human emotions. Thus, you will give your audience a chance to connect with what youââ¬â¢re saying. The reality is that people argue rationally quite rarely, which means that making them dive emotionally into your viewpoint is the amazing way to change their mind. Without a doubt, youââ¬â¢ll have to provide rational arguments in your argumentative essay, but things will be tough in case you introduce the topic that never arouses any feelings. Picture your audience. Which side of the argument are they on? What do you presume, will they agree or disagree with your perspective, or will they be indifferent or indecisive? You will need this information to understand how strong your evidence should be. Do a thorough research. Find robust evidence that supports your position. It might be facts, logical arguments, or statements from experts. Sometimes, inserting fragments of your personal experience can be helpful. Think about the objections your reader might raise. When elaborating a persuasive essay, you should try to overrule them with stronger evidence. Anticipate their counter-arguments and rebut them in advance. Organize your evidence. You should order it in the most persuasive way, usually by presenting the strongest arguments in the end, in order to rid your reader of any doubts. These are some general steps; without them, you simply wonââ¬â¢t write a persuasive essay. Still, if you want your paper to hit the bulls-eye and change the way your reader thinks, you need a few tactics. Below, weââ¬â¢ll share with you some tips on how to make argumentative essay most convincing. Step 2: Structure Your Essay Before you start working on your essay, you should consider drafting its structure first. If you are wondering how to write an argumentative essay outline, then itââ¬â¢s no different from any other essay outline. Just remember that the body paragraphs should correspond with your key arguments. For example, when you have a classic 5-paragraph essay, make sure that paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 dwell on an argument each. Whatââ¬â¢s more, consider tackling a possible counterargument in the third paragraph, in order to make your rationale more convincing. You must be aware of not just your side of the argument, but also the one of your opponent. Acknowledgment of the opposing views is called concession. It allows you to win your argument more gracefully by first discovering the common ground with the opponent. Find out what kind of evidence they might use, what data they might operate, or what information they might appeal to. Then refute those with even stronger arguments. You might even mention the actual counter-arguments before confusing them. Step 3: Write the Introduction Importantly, you should think about how to write argumentative essay introduction and make it effective. We advise you to start your opening paragraph with a hook, an attention-grabber for your reader. You can insert a quote here, introduce a curious fact or draw some stats, or construct a vivid situation. Your hook is the very first sentence that can help you convince your audience. As long as it draws your reader in, youââ¬â¢ve done your job! For instance, feel free to start your persuasive essay on the necessity of entering college like this: ââ¬Å"There are individuals, who have never been to college and are doing better than those with a degree.â⬠This simple statement tells nothing special at all. However, it encourages your readers to keep on reading in order to find out why things are like that. Do you feel like you canââ¬â¢t come up with a hook at the moment? Proceed to the next writing steps! You can always come back to this part later even after youââ¬â¢ve accomplished your project. Then, itââ¬â¢s time for a thesis statement. In this sentenceââ¬âthe most important part of your essay ââ¬â you should: introduce the topic; present your point of view; tell your readers how you are going to do that (e.g., by providing some factual evidence). Donââ¬â¢t forget about a transition to the body part of the essay. Use the last sentence of every ââ¬Ëbodyââ¬â¢ paragraph as a smooth transition to the next paragraph. Make sure to provide a natural transition from the last sentence of one paragraph to the first one of the next. For instance, the end of the paragraph: ââ¬Å"Wearing a school uniform would blend all pupils together avoiding any class inequalityâ⬠and the beginning of the following paragraph: ââ¬Å"School uniforms provide students with the environment that is free from bullying.â⬠Ensure to construct a thesis statement that is both specific and focused. Your audience should know exactly what the author is going to debate and why. ââ¬Å"Fracking Should Be Bannedâ⬠is a pretty weak thesis since itââ¬â¢s not focused enough. A solid thesis statement would be, ââ¬Å"While some people say that fracking is a very effective method to extract natural gas, the others insist that itââ¬â¢s quite dangerous and hazardous to the environment.â⬠Step 4: Write the Body Every ââ¬Ëbodyââ¬â¢ paragraph should be solidly focused on a single evidence. Make sure to include references and facts to support each of your claims. Use the so-called rule of thumb: every time you make a claim that isnââ¬â¢t a typical one for the subject, support it. One of the best ways to cope with it lies in reverse. Make sure your evidence leads you and your readers to your arguments. Here is a good example of the case: ââ¬Å"Liberty and equal opportunities arenââ¬â¢t just essential for people, they are good for the whole global community in general. Whatââ¬â¢s more, the lack of those is considered ââ¬Å"demoralization and perversionâ⬠and prevents ââ¬Å"any social improvement.â⬠(Mill, 98) Also, have a look at the poor one: ââ¬Å"The prison helps to keep dangerous criminals and drug dealers off the cities, and people are safer because of that.â⬠However, if you support it with solid evidence, it wonââ¬â¢t be pointless. Just like in your research paper, dissertation or speech writing, challenging your audience is always a good idea! According to the basics of the persuasive essay writing, the author of the paper shouldnââ¬â¢t be confrontational. However, you need to force your audience to re-evaluate their points of view. A good way to do so: ââ¬Å"Every person wants lower crime rates, stronger families, and safer streets. However, we should ask ourselves if weââ¬â¢re ready to leave the comfort zone to get the desired resultsâ⬠But, try to avoid those may sound poor: ââ¬Å"This policy is a total failure and every individual that believes it is delusional and completely stupid.â⬠At a minimum, generate 3 ââ¬Ëbodyââ¬â¢ paragraphs to justify your points and provide your evidence. Check how all the paragraphs flow together. It is important to ensure the persuasive essay points are naturally presented one after another, rather than scattered all over the text. Step 5: Craft the Conclusion So, weââ¬â¢ve given you a few tips on how to write persuasive essay introduction and what to remember about in your body paragraphs. Now, letââ¬â¢s get to the final point ââ¬â how to end the persuasive essay. The main tips for closing your argumentative essay are to rephrase your thesis statement or summarize your main points (in this case, your key arguments). Then, to spice it all up, put your central statement in the broader context. Let your final sentence make the reader wonder, ââ¬Å"whatââ¬â¢s next?â⬠They will surely want to know where they can go from here or how they can make use of their new point of view. A call for action, a recommendation, or just an open question might provide them with a hint. Take a day or two off. Let your essay sit and your mind rest. Then, read your persuasive essay with fresh eyes. Ask yourself if your essay is logical and convincing. Step 6: Polish Up Your Essay OK, youve completed your persuasive essay, and the time for an effective revision has come. When you revise your essay, you have to ensure its organization is absolutely appropriate to your target audience, the paper context, and the purpose. Remember, the message of your essay will be both more controversial and effective if your project connects with the target audience, serves the specified purpose as well as explains the intended context to your readers. To make sure your writing is of the good quality, overlook this our step by step guide on how to perform a thorough revision of your assignment. Persuasive Essay Sample: Start by reading your project to yourself paragraph after paragraph. Do that out loud to make certain your persuasive essay says what you have planned to say. Pay due attention to the way you use various types of sentences, how you choose the right words for the text as well as how you tend to express whatââ¬â¢s on your mind. Do not hesitate to change what you feel should be changed. Feel free to switch the sentences location or order, add or erase words and ideas, or fix anything else in a paper structure or its context to make it better and more concise. Use the word counter to ensure your essay meets all the college requirements. Then, approach your college mates and ask them to check your work to give you a fresh viewpoint about your writing. Listen to what they say and consider their tips to write a good persuasive paper. Consider the following questions as a part of the revision process: Do the introduction, the body, and the concluding part of the essay include a clearly presented main idea with strong facts, explanations or/and details? Do you, as the writer, provide a consistent viewpoint, focus, and organizational outline, including the proper paragraphing? Have you successfully proved a clear understanding of the core purpose? Did you use various types of sentences? Does your content include any language errors ââ¬â spelling, punctuation or grammar ones? Have you removed every error that wouldnââ¬â¢t let your audience understand the text? Summing it up, the ââ¬Å"how to write argumentative essay effectivelyâ⬠formula is simple: present your point of view on a controversial topic, support your arguments with strong evidence, and always keep your opponents in mind. In this article, we have walked you through the essential steps in writing an argumentative essay and prepared some tips for each part of your piece. Now itââ¬â¢s your turn to use all of these in practice and craft a powerful persuasive text.
Monday, November 25, 2019
Free Essays on Egyptian Religion
Presentation on Egyption Religion Every aspect of the Ancient Egyptian life was guided through religion. Their religous beliefs where based on Polylthemism which meant "the worship of many gods". Creation, was an event with many tales in the egyption life. One idea of creation was the the ram-god Khnum styled the universe on his potter's wheel. Others said that creation was a spiritual and not a physical act. The divine thought that Ptah shaped the universe. These are just a few examples of the many ideas of how the universe was produced. The story of creation that stands out from the rest and that was believed by many was that of the Sun-god Ra. The egyptians believed that only the ocean existed at first. The creation story of Ra goes as follows... "Then Ra, the Sun, came out of an egg (flower, in some versions) that appereared on the sufrace of the water. Ra brought forth four children, the gods Shu and Geb and the goddesses Tefnut and Nut. Shu and Tefnut became the atmosphere. They stood on Geb, who became the earth, and raised up Nut, who became the shy. Ra ruled over all. Geb and Nut later had two sons, Set and Osiris, and two daughters, Isis and Nephthys. Osiris succeeded Ra as King of the Earth, helped by Isis, his sister-wife. Set, however, hated his brother and killed him, Isis then embalmed her husband's body with the help of the god Anubis, who thus became the god of embalming, The powerful charms of Isis resurrected Osiris, who became king of the netherworld, the land of the dead. Horus, who was the son of Osiris and Isis, later defeated Set in a great battle and became king of the earth." Some early cosomological myths represented the heavens as a great, star-strudded cow, sometimes called Hathor or Athor, curving above the earth. Regardless of the many creation myths and ranking of gods, it's clear the ancient Egyptian generated many deities, that those gods were inherent in nature, and that enabled the E... Free Essays on Egyptian Religion Free Essays on Egyptian Religion Presentation on Egyption Religion Every aspect of the Ancient Egyptian life was guided through religion. Their religous beliefs where based on Polylthemism which meant "the worship of many gods". Creation, was an event with many tales in the egyption life. One idea of creation was the the ram-god Khnum styled the universe on his potter's wheel. Others said that creation was a spiritual and not a physical act. The divine thought that Ptah shaped the universe. These are just a few examples of the many ideas of how the universe was produced. The story of creation that stands out from the rest and that was believed by many was that of the Sun-god Ra. The egyptians believed that only the ocean existed at first. The creation story of Ra goes as follows... "Then Ra, the Sun, came out of an egg (flower, in some versions) that appereared on the sufrace of the water. Ra brought forth four children, the gods Shu and Geb and the goddesses Tefnut and Nut. Shu and Tefnut became the atmosphere. They stood on Geb, who became the earth, and raised up Nut, who became the shy. Ra ruled over all. Geb and Nut later had two sons, Set and Osiris, and two daughters, Isis and Nephthys. Osiris succeeded Ra as King of the Earth, helped by Isis, his sister-wife. Set, however, hated his brother and killed him, Isis then embalmed her husband's body with the help of the god Anubis, who thus became the god of embalming, The powerful charms of Isis resurrected Osiris, who became king of the netherworld, the land of the dead. Horus, who was the son of Osiris and Isis, later defeated Set in a great battle and became king of the earth." Some early cosomological myths represented the heavens as a great, star-strudded cow, sometimes called Hathor or Athor, curving above the earth. Regardless of the many creation myths and ranking of gods, it's clear the ancient Egyptian generated many deities, that those gods were inherent in nature, and that enabled the E...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Upcoming Technological Advances in Nursing Case Study
Upcoming Technological Advances in Nursing - Case Study Example With all these related advances in technology, the professional culture of reflection, profound inquiries, and inter-professional collaborations will gear nursing as a whole towards success by the year 2025. Therefore, the whole field of nursing will be admirable and appreciable by many as patients will also enjoy the technology by getting the knowhow about various diseases, symptoms, causes and effects, drugs and methods of prevention and curing the diseases. Nurses too will enjoy many privileges and favors around. Technology has proven to every fundamental in the health care as a lot is being experienced in nursing. At work, nurses employ technology during care as long as they are within the clinical settings. Such settings where they can employ technology include; primary care, community, acute care, and long-term care so as to improve and come up with their clinical decisions and employ the most viable outcomes for clients they deal with (Huston, 2013). Another great change as far as technology is concerned is the health and wellness records of clients and family. Through technology, they are made to be in a position of reviewing and contributing positively to their health records, hence taking charge of anything that come about with relation to their wellbeing. Technology is very paramount within the nursing fraternity. When we talk about technology, automation comes in whereby computers and other machines are used in nearly everything that takes place. From the year 2025 and beyond a lot would have taken place technologically. Benefits will be experienced in staffing offices, census control, patient care, and determination of patientââ¬â¢s acuity.
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Group Discussion Pocess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Group Discussion Pocess - Essay Example This is basically because I got an opportunity to not only read about different views from various students but also to retain more as well as learn much better. This was a unique group as compared to the others that I have attended before. For instance we would sometimes discuss ideas on online forum and at other times we would just leave our messages and wait for the other membersââ¬â¢ response. I could also leave messages and later on find responses from the rest of the members. Sharing as well as free discussing of information was also a common feature of this group. This experience is definitely relevant to group work in organizations since we learnt and shared a lot as a group about team work .Thus, each member in a group was tasked with a certain responsibility to perform and given a timeline. This is something very important since it teaches an individual the importance of discipline as well as responsibility; two great values in group work in any organization. It does not really matter to the group that it is an online class, since we were able to not only accomplish our set goals but also communicated and coordinated well; just like in the conventional groups. Itââ¬â¢s all about knowing your role in the group and what you are supposed to do and at what time. Group work in an online class can be improved by setting clear goals to be met by individuals in the group, setting adequate time especially when all group members are available and making sure there are no disruptions to internet access. Finally, the discussion atmosphere ought to be responsible as well as supportive of all group members. It was really a great learning opportunity, very applicable in my
Monday, November 18, 2019
Soccer Injures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Soccer Injures - Essay Example Besides soccer being very much enjoyable, this paper tries to put forward the argument that it also injures. The essay explains how soccer as a game is a cause to many diverse injuries and that it is fundamental for it to be realized for the right prevention measures to be employed. The effects of the injuries are also clearly explained that the extent of the injuries caused by soccer may come out clearly. Beside Soccer being an enjoyable sport and with fast growing popularity, many people do not consider the fact that soccer in itself is quite dangerous and can cause injuries both serious and minor. Many people view soccer as a very safe game and very soft, thus, many people who join the sport do not have any anticipation of being injured. Some other people, including players who know that soccer can cause injuries only believe that those injuries can only be mild. They also assume that these injuries can simply be cured by physicians who are present on the field. I figured out that it is important to understand and accept the fact that soccer can cause injuries and thereby it will be easy to take precautions and even prevent some of the injuries. Although it is widely argued that most of the injuries that players get on the field cannot be prevented, since they are not planned for, I believe that once the players know what to expect of the game, they can avoid the injuries, and besi des that, they will also learn how to manage them (Per, Kristian and Kim 1248). Soccer as opposed to the thoughts of many can cause injuries from mild ones to very serious ones and worse off, they can even cause death. I consider all of these together as dangerous. Taking an example of mild injuries, repeated mild injuries can lead to serious problems. One can even end up with a permanent injury because of repeated mild injuries. This can lead to suspension from the game or even termination of oneââ¬â¢s career as a soccer
Saturday, November 16, 2019
The Moon Landing: How it Happened
The Moon Landing: How it Happened Luca Maffioli Introduction The moon landing, which took place in 1969, is one of the biggest events that ever happened and this report is going to analyze it. This statement is divided in four parts and will examine how everything started, how it developed and what changes it carried. In the fourth and final part it will describe the Conspiracy which is something that existed since when everything started and will give a conclusion. The big question is Did Apollo11 really land on the moon, or is everything a fake? Methodology This report has been created thanks to the collection of information coming from four different websites (The Observe, Study Moose, Engadget, Listverse). It summarizes the information that researchers analyzed over the years and reported in their articles (Paul Harris The Observe August 2012; Christopher Riley The Observe December 2012; Josh Fox The Listverse December 2008; University of California Study Moose March 2016; Ben Gilbert Engadget July 2014). It presents some of the proposed evidence to suggest that the moon landing was a fake (Josh Fox The Listverse December 2008) How everything started After the Second World War there was an economic conflict in between USA and the Soviet Union, called Cold War. USAs goal was to beat URSS showing to the entire world how clever and powerful State they were. This is why President J.F.Kennedy decided to reach the Moon. A group of specialized scientists carried out studies and tests for five years before realizing the first mission called Apollo 7. Unfortunately the test became a tragedy after the spacecraft burned in a fire and three astronauts died. After Apollo 7, they continued with researches until when in 1968 they managed to send the first manned spacecraft out of the orbit. (University of California, 2016) How it developed After this successful test they made a new mission named Apollo 11, a new shuttle ready for launch. Inside the spacecraft there were astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Micheal Collins. Its the most well-known in-space exploration history for being the first manned spacecraft to land on another celestial body. Apollo 11 was divided in three different components: Living quarters (which came back to Earth with the three astronauts) Service module (which supplied propulsion, electricity and oxygen) Lunar module (the crazy-looking shuttle that brought Armstrong and Aldrin from the lunar orbit onto the surface) With this last component named Eagle, the three astronauts could orbit around the moon for one day before reaching the surface. Once on the moon, Armstrong said Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for a mankind. This phrase became famous as millions of people where following the event and listened to his words. The astronauts explored the surface, planted the American flag, took pictures and videos. They collected as many information and sample as they could before returning to Earth. USA had successfully landed a man on the moon and returned them safely, beating the Soviet Union in the space race. (Ben Gilbert, 2014) What did the moon landing change Many events happened in USA in 1960s: from their participation in the Vietnam War, Kennedys death and the introduction of the Civil Right Act. This period of time was named the American century. When USA reached the Moon thanks to Apollo mission, the tumultuous decade ended. The Moon Landing is one of the most important steps that helped USA to be recognized as that powerful Country which is still nowadays. (Paul Harris, 2012) William Bainbridge, writer of the book The Spaceflight Revolution, said that Apollo was a grand attempt to reach beyond the world of mundane life and transcend the ordinary limits of human existence through accomplishment of the miraculous a story of engineers who tried to reach the heavens. (The Observe, 2012) After the mission everything changed: technology, economy and humans thoughts. As a matter of fact the moon landing opened a new era of technology which would help in all aspects of life and study for the following years. Technology became more affordable and common: huge computers switched to micro technology and pocket size items. Internet, video streams and social networks are a few examples of what the moon landing inspired. (Paul Harris, 2012) Conspiracy and Conclusion It has now been nearly forty years since Armstrong stepped on the moon but the mystery behind it never stopped. People think that America invented it in order to beat the Russia in the space race; people say they invented this story inside a Hollywood stage or in Area 51 calling this matter Conspiracy. If you think about it, why after Apollo mission no one has ever been back on the moon? In fact there are many doubts about this. Another confusing matter is the flag that was planted on the moon, which from the pictures looks wavy and fluttery. How could this be possible, considering that theres no air in the moons atmosphere and no wind to cause the flag movement? There are a few other pictures taken by NASA that conspiracy theorists are focused on. An example is the multiple light source. On the moon there is only one strong light source: the Sun. Videos and pictures clearly show that shadows fall in different directions. This could mean that someone has created the images and clearly made the mistake. (Josh Fox, 2008) This report examined only a few of the many examples that support the Conspiracy theory. You can find plenty of information on the web; a very famous online report is the one written by Listverses (you can find the link in the list of References here below) which is very helpful and inspiring. After reading all of these information about the moon landing you could have a few other questions, such as: how was all of this possible with the technologies of the time? Why so many mistakes and mysteries? Unfortunately there are questions that cannot be answered, and we cannot know the truth. Anyway, it is still amazing the feeling that a man could been on the Moon. REFERENCES The observe (Christopher Riley, 2012) 40 years Apollo on: how the moon mission changed the world for ever Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/dec/16/apollo-legacy-moon-space-riley and (Paul Harris, 2012) Man on the moon: moment of greatness that defined the America century Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/aug/25/man-moon-american-century Study Moose (University of California, 2016) Man on the moon essay Retrieved from: https://studymoose.com/%EF%BB%BFman-on-the-moon-essay-essay Engadget(Ben Gilbert, 2014) What you need to know about the Apollo 11 moon landing Retrieved from: https://www.engadget.com/2014/07/21/apollo-11-explainer/ Listverse (Josh Fox, 2008) 10 reasons the moon landing could be a hoax Retrieved from: http://listverse.com/2012/12/28/10-reasons-the-moon-landings-could-be-a-hoax/
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Climate Change and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Essay example -- greenhouse gas
Since the industrial revolution, scientists have documented a trend of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), the main greenhouse gas. This observation has been an issue of major environmental concern in the view of the potentially devastating effects of climate change on ecosystems and human survival. Recent studies by scientists led by Wei-Jun Cai have served to underscore this fact by showing that the Arctic region and the globe are faced with a major climate challenge due to the continued melting of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. This research has indicated that the major concern is the increasing heat absorption as deeper ocean water layers get exposed to sunlight as well as the possible loss of white ice reflectivity or the albedo (An Ice-Free Arctic Ocean Will Not Absorb More CO2, n.d).This paper discusses the recent observations that Arctic Ocean basin do not have an indefinite ability to continue acting as a CO2 sink when conditions are ice-free caused by the escalating warmer temperatures. It is worth noting that sensitivity to climate changes in the Arctic is considered the highest on the Earthââ¬â¢s surface. In addition, the region experiences more pronounced acidification than any other ocean. Recent decades have seen the Arctic Ocean experience a steady increase in the rate of sea ice melt. According to Cai, et al. (2010), this has been especially so in the light of the indications of the three summers from 2007 to 2009. The recent research by Cai et al. has been built on the postulation that more and more CO2 would be absorbed from the atmosphere under ice-free conditions in the Arctic Ocean. Therefore, the research investigates the impact of sea ice melt on the concentration of CO2 on the surface water of the Ar... ...temperatures will continue causing ice melt in summer. Consequently, the surface water carbon dioxide partial pressure will continue to increase, further reducing the ability of the CO2 sink to take up more CO2. The high-resolution survey further points to the fact that the future will see an increased air-sea CO2 flux. This is due to the exposure of more area of sea water as well as long periods when the Arctic Ocean surface will be subjected to ice-free conditions. Though this is expected, the capacity of the CO2 sink in the Arctic Ocean to continue taking up CO2 is predicted to weaken due to equilibration of pCO2 of surface water with the atmosphere. The survey highlights four major factors which facilitate this equilibrium. These include low CO2 fixation, surface warming, shallow mixed-layer depth, and strong stratification of surface water (Cai, et al., 2010).
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